Waiting for a read from the control file. See, One row for each table in the current database, showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. From pg_stat_activity i noticed that the wait_event_type and wait_event of these queries is as follows: Waiting for a relation data file to reach durable storage. Its purpose is for the same page to be read into the shared buffer. Waiting for a replication origin to become inactive so it can be dropped. number of buffers needed by the current workload, The size of the shared buffer pool not being well balanced with the number of pages being evicted by other Time spent reading data file blocks by backends in this database, in milliseconds (if track_io_timing is enabled, otherwise zero), Time spent writing data file blocks by backends in this database, in milliseconds (if track_io_timing is enabled, otherwise zero), Time spent by database sessions in this database, in milliseconds (note that statistics are only updated when the state of a session changes, so if sessions have been idle for a long time, this idle time won't be included), Time spent executing SQL statements in this database, in milliseconds (this corresponds to the states active and fastpath function call in pg_stat_activity), idle_in_transaction_time double precision, Time spent idling while in a transaction in this database, in milliseconds (this corresponds to the states idle in transaction and idle in transaction (aborted) in pg_stat_activity), Total number of sessions established to this database, Number of database sessions to this database that were terminated because connection to the client was lost, Number of database sessions to this database that were terminated by fatal errors, Number of database sessions to this database that were terminated by operator intervention. For more information, see LWLock:buffer_mapping. Number of deadlocks detected in this database. See, One row for each backend (including autovacuum worker processes) running, One row for each WAL sender process streaming a base backup, showing current progress. Then identify which query pg_stat_get_backend_wait_event_type ( integer ) text. Waiting to read while creating the data directory lock file. Since collection of statistics adds some overhead to query execution, the system can be configured to collect or not collect information. The server process is waiting for a lightweight lock. Waiting for a two phase state file to reach durable storage. pg_stat_get_activity, the underlying function of the pg_stat_activity view, returns a set of records containing all the available information about each backend process. Ordinary users can only see all the information about their own sessions (sessions belonging to a role that they are a member of). IP address of the client connected to this WAL sender. Its Possible values are: catchup: This WAL sender's connected standby is catching up with the primary. If state is active this field shows the identifier of the currently executing query. Waiting to read or write relation cache initialization file. Per-Backend Statistics Functions, pg_stat_get_backend_idset () setof integer. Doing this helps Waiting for a write of a newly created timeline history file. The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics because the optimizer statistics might be stale. Returns the OID of the user logged into this backend. This view will only contain information on standby servers, since conflicts do not occur on master servers. PostgreSQL utilizes lightweight locks (LWLocks) to synchronize and control access to the buffer content. This standby's xmin horizon reported by hot_standby_feedback. Waiting for an immediate synchronization of a relation data file to durable storage. See, One row per SLRU, showing statistics of operations. The pg_stat_bgwriter view will always have a single row, containing global data for the cluster. Possible values are: Activity status of the WAL receiver process, First write-ahead log location used when WAL receiver is started, First timeline number used when WAL receiver is started, Last write-ahead log location already received and flushed to disk, the initial value of this field being the first log location used when WAL receiver is started, Timeline number of last write-ahead log location received and flushed to disk, the initial value of this field being the timeline number of the first log location used when WAL receiver is started, Send time of last message received from origin WAL sender, Receipt time of last message received from origin WAL sender, Last write-ahead log location reported to origin WAL sender, Time of last write-ahead log location reported to origin WAL sender, Replication slot name used by this WAL receiver. You can invoke pg_stat_clear_snapshot() to discard the current transaction's statistics snapshot or cached values (if any). Returns the time when this process was started. Waiting to read or update the control file or creation of a new WAL file. The per-table and per-index functions take a table or index OID. Waiting to read or update information about synchronous replicas. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked. Waiting for data to reach durable storage while adding a line to the data directory lock file. The pg_stat_user_tables and pg_stat_sys_tables views contain the same information, but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively. The track_functions parameter controls exactly which functions are tracked. Using pg_stat_reset() also resets counters that autovacuum uses to determine when to trigger a vacuum or an analyze. The pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. potential: This standby server is now asynchronous, but can potentially become synchronous if one of current synchronous ones fails. Waiting to ensure that the table it has selected for a vacuum still needs vacuuming. Waiting for a replication slot to become inactive to be dropped. Synchronous state of this standby server. Waiting in WAL receiver to establish connection to remote server. Activity status of the WAL receiver process, First write-ahead log location used when WAL receiver is started, First timeline number used when WAL receiver is started. The access functions for per-database statistics take a database OID as an argument to identify which database to report on. Returns the TCP port number that the client is using for communication. Number of WAL files that have been successfully archived, Name of the WAL file most recently successfully archived, last_archived_time timestamp with time zone, Time of the most recent successful archive operation, Number of failed attempts for archiving WAL files, Name of the WAL file of the most recent failed archival operation, last_failed_time timestamp with time zone, Time of the most recent failed archival operation. Pointers to free buffers and to the next victim are protected by one buffer strategy lock spinlock. The idx_tup_read and idx_tup_fetch counts can be different even without any use of bitmap scans, because idx_tup_read counts index entries retrieved from the index while idx_tup_fetch counts live rows fetched from the table. See, One row only, showing statistics about the background writer process's activity. The server process is waiting for a timeout to expire. BufferCacheHitRatio metric dips. If this field is null, it indicates either that the client is connected via a Unix socket on the server machine or that this is an internal process such as autovacuum. When a server, including a physical replica, shuts down cleanly, a permanent copy of the statistics data is stored in the pg_stat subdirectory, so that statistics can be retained across server restarts. After v9.5, the buffer cache is protected by 128 hash tables each protected by a LWLock. The parameter track_io_timing enables monitoring of block read and write times. Additional functions related to statistics collection are listed in Table28.19. disabled: This state is reported if track_activities is disabled in this backend. pg_blocking_pids function. Waiting for an immediate synchronization of a relation data file to durable storage. This event type indicates a process waiting for activity in its main processing loop. Waiting to find or allocate space in shared memory. Waiting for a serialized historical catalog snapshot to reach durable storage. Heavyweight locks, also known as lock manager locks or simply locks, primarily protect SQL-visible objects such as tables. Synchronous state of this standby server. Topics Relevant engine versions Context Causes Actions Relevant engine versions The lag times reported in the pg_stat_replication view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written, flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. The argument can be one of CommitTs, MultiXactMember, MultiXactOffset, Notify, Serial, Subtrans, or Xact to reset the counters for only that entry. Time when this process was started. This is controlled by configuration parameters that are normally set in postgresql.conf. All temporary files are counted, regardless of why the temporary file was created, and regardless of the, Number of deadlocks detected in this database, Time spent reading data file blocks by backends in this database, in milliseconds, Time spent writing data file blocks by backends in this database, in milliseconds, Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to dropped tablespaces, Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to lock timeouts, Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to old snapshots, Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to pinned buffers, Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to deadlocks, Number of sequential scans initiated on this table, Number of live rows fetched by sequential scans, Number of index scans initiated on this table, Number of live rows fetched by index scans, Number of rows updated (includes HOT updated rows), Number of rows HOT updated (i.e., with no separate index update required), Estimated number of rows modified since this table was last analyzed, Last time at which this table was manually vacuumed (not counting, Last time at which this table was vacuumed by the autovacuum daemon, Last time at which this table was manually analyzed, Last time at which this table was analyzed by the autovacuum daemon, Number of times this table has been manually vacuumed (not counting, Number of times this table has been vacuumed by the autovacuum daemon, Number of times this table has been manually analyzed, Number of times this table has been analyzed by the autovacuum daemon, Number of index scans initiated on this index, Number of index entries returned by scans on this index, Number of live table rows fetched by simple index scans using this index, Number of disk blocks read from this table, Number of disk blocks read from all indexes on this table, Number of buffer hits in all indexes on this table, Number of disk blocks read from this table's TOAST table (if any), Number of buffer hits in this table's TOAST table (if any), Number of disk blocks read from this table's TOAST table indexes (if any), Number of buffer hits in this table's TOAST table indexes (if any), Number of disk blocks read from this index, Number of disk blocks read from this sequence, Number of times this function has been called, Total time spent in this function and all other functions called by it, in milliseconds, Total time spent in this function itself, not including other functions called by it, in milliseconds, Process ID of the server process handling the current session, Returns a record of information about the backend with the specified PID, or one record for each active backend in the system if, Returns the timestamp of the current statistics snapshot, Reset all statistics counters for the current database to zero (requires superuser privileges by default, but EXECUTE for this function can be granted to others. Text of this backend's most recent query. Waiting to read or write a data page in memory. Choose the appropriate target Region. See, One row per subscription, showing statistics about errors. Thus, the server expects something to happen that is independent of its internal processes. Waiting to read or update information about the state of synchronous replication. Waiting when WAL data is not available from any kind of sources (local, archive or stream) before trying again to retrieve WAL data, at recovery. A transaction can also see its own statistics (as yet untransmitted to the collector) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. So the displayed information lags behind actual activity. Waiting for a write of a newly created timeline history file. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag. Streaming only works with top-level transactions (subtransactions can't be streamed independently), so the counter is not incremented for subtransactions. Time when this process' current transaction was started, or null if no transaction is active. This is consistent with the goal of measuring synchronous commit and transaction visibility delays for recent write transactions. PostgreSQL is one of the most popular open-source databases in the world and has successful implementations across several mission-critical environments across various domains, using real-time high-end OLTP applications performing millions and billions of transactions per day. Waiting for a write while initializing a new WAL file. The pg_stat_archiver view will always have a single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster. Waiting for startup process to send initial data for streaming replication. Waiting to receive bytes from a shared message queue. Waiting to read or update multixact member mappings. Logical decoding plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking mechanism will simply display NULL lag. Waiting for a write to the relation map file. When using the statistics to monitor collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not update instantaneously. Alone the requirement of separate fsyncs and everything is pretty bothersome. operations, Large or bloated indexes that require the engine to read more pages than necessary into the shared buffer pool, Lack of indexes that forces the DB engine to read more pages from the tables than necessary, Checkpoints occurring too frequently or needing to flush too many modified pages, Sudden spikes for database connections trying to perform operations on the same page. The per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which indexes are being used and how effective they are. Waiting to read or update background worker state. The pg_statio_ views are primarily useful to determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. Users interested in obtaining more detailed information on PostgreSQL I/O behavior are advised to use the PostgreSQL statistics collector in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight into the kernel's handling of I/O. Waiting to elect a Parallel Hash participant to decide on future batch growth. A transaction can also see its own statistics (not yet flushed out to the shared memory statistics) in the views pg_stat_xact_all_tables, pg_stat_xact_sys_tables, pg_stat_xact_user_tables, and pg_stat_xact_user_functions. Aurora PostgreSQL wait events PDF RSS The following table lists the wait events for Aurora PostgreSQL that most commonly indicate performance problems, and summarizes the most common causes and corrective actions. Waiting to acquire an advisory user lock. The pg_stat_all_tables view will contain one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. Waiting for WAL to reach durable storage during bootstrapping. Connection string used by this WAL receiver, with security-sensitive fields obfuscated. Waiting to manage an extension's space allocation in shared memory.
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